失眠的干预方式主要包括心理治疗、药物治疗、物理治疗和中医治疗。心理治疗主要包括睡眠卫生教育和针对失眠的认知行为治疗(cognitive behavioral therapy for insomnia,CBT-I)。应强调睡眠卫生教育的重要性,即在建立良好睡眠卫生习惯的基础上,开展其他治疗手段。CBT-I能够有效纠正失眠患者错误的睡眠认知与不恰当的行为因素,有利于消除心理生理性高觉醒,增强入睡驱动力,重建正确的睡眠觉醒认知模式,持续改善失眠患者的临床症状,且没有不良反应[[url=]5[/url],[url=]7[/url],[url=]23[/url],[url=]24[/url]]。药物治疗失眠的短期疗效已经被临床试验所证实,但是长期应用仍需承担药物不良反应、成瘾性等潜在风险。物理治疗如光照疗法、经颅磁刺激、生物反馈治疗、经颅微电流刺激疗法等,以及饮食疗法、芳香疗法、按摩、顺势疗法等,均缺乏令人信服的大样本对照研究,只能作为可选择的补充治疗方式[[url=]25[/url],[url=]26[/url],[url=]27[/url]]。中医治疗失眠的历史悠久,但囿于特殊的个体化医学模式,难以用现代循证医学模式进行评估。
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